What Are the Ways of Controlling and Treating International Employees Essay

What Are the Ways of Controlling and Treating International Employees - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that in the 21st century, many business organizations have laid down strategies to the international market in an effort to increase their business profitability. As domestic markets become saturated, most business firms create an international strategy to invest in growing markets for their products. While new market segments provide organizations with opportunities to grow, they pose a great challenge to the management and these challenges may lead to the failure of these organizations. International market segments have unique business characteristics, customer demands, regulations, and cultural differences. In principle, international markets require unique approaches due to the variation in market characteristics. The concept of international employees has gained more attention as companies anticipate meeting workers from different countries and who differ in terms of work attitude, culture, religion, color, and race. All these factors b ecome increasingly important as companies venture in international markets where the employee mix becomes increasingly complex. The managers are faced with the challenge of accommodating the differences of international employees and adopting tactics to ensure that they work harmoniously within the same organization. Effective leadership strategies are essential for managers to control and treat international employees and to ensure that they are aligned with the organizational goals. The role that employees play within an organization is crucial and this explains why international companies must pay keen attention to employee coordination within the workplace. Employees are major stakeholders within an organization and the role they play has a direct impact on the organization output.

What is Art - Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is Art - Discussion - Assignment Example It makes me guess what culture it came from, what message the artist implied when he was painting it. It is a thought-provoking object that has no practical function and is created for the sake of self-expression of the artist who had made it. It gives rise to a train of thoughts on primitive African societies when I am looking at it. It might as well have been made by an African artist, though it is not a case. It is surely a work of art, in my opinion. There is probably a toy at the third image with a metal ball inside. It might be perceived as a work of art from some subjective point of view, though in my opinion it is made strictly for the purpose of entertainment of children and is not a work of art per se. Although there is a specific and quite precise definition of what art is, this notion extends into a subjective category and it is not an easy task to circumscribe the limits of it. Thus, in my opinion, this toy is not a work of art. On the other hand, it might as well be an allegorical manifestation of the way someone who created it looks at the world and, if placed within a certain context, could be perceived as a work of art. The blue plate on the fourth image might be a work of art for some people, while others wont consider it to be as such. Although it is created with a certain practical purpose to serve, it obviously applies imaginative skills of a person who made it. The surface of it is painted inside and these elements of its design make this object of pottery a work of art, in my opinion, though it might as well be solely perceived by some as a part of dinnerware and serve practical purposes

Channel and Pricing Strategies, and Environmental Issues Essay

Channel and Pricing Strategies, and Environmental Issues - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Apple Inc. is an iconic American consumer electronics company. The company is headquartered in Cupertino, California, USA. The company was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in the year of 1976. The company specializes in manufacturing products like iPod, iPad, iPhone, Macintosh computers and many more. The company has planned to launch Apple iDesk (a new product that is an iPad with the size of a desktop and can be mounted on a desk for a computer lab like setting). The company has selected three cities (NYC, Tokyo, and Stanford, CA) to launch the product in the initial stage. Apple Inc. has selected three different colleges (New York Institute of Technology, Stanford University and Tokyo Institute of Technology) as a test market for iDesk. This channel may vary in length and number of stages involved in the whole process. The company can sell iDesk via online stores or customer can buy iDesk from authorized Apple retail stores. Apple has complete control over the retailers of authorized stores in terms of pricing, product availability and promotional support. The company has more than 300 retail stores across the world. A majority (almost 70%) of the Apple Stores are located in the USA. The company has made the contractual agreement with few big players (like Wal-Mart, AT&T, and Best Buy) to distribute a product. The company preferred Joint venture and direct investment model to enter the international market. Organizations set a price of a product higher than any other competitor’s product and with this strategy, they try to indicate a quality of the product. This is known as premium pricing policy. Apple Inc. has positioned itself as the marketer of quality products unique in design and applications. Customers are ready to pay the high price for products manufactured by the company. Apple should follow the premium pricing strategy for iDesk

Disaster nursing and emergency preparedness Essay

Disaster nursing and emergency preparedness - Essay Example Furthermore, tertiary prevention is evident from restricting the reuse of gloves by the healthcare professionals and patients (Veenema, 2012). Innovative Examples One of the major consequences of a natural disaster like an earthquake is the loss of people especially including the loss of children. This creates an innovative opportunity for the nursing professionals to contribute in communicating to the family members of such people (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014). Phase of the Disaster: Do the Three Proposed Interventions Fall The three proposed interventions fall under the phase of disaster management of nursing practice. The reason behind the selection of such phase is that it would provide a comprehensive nursing experience and exposure in different stressful circumstances (Veenema, 2012). People or Agencies Facilitate by the Proposed Interventions The proposed interventions undertaken during the nursing disaster management trip to Haiti would facilitate the healthcare professionals including doctors, nurses, and others to get practical understanding regarding management of patients in challenging situations. It would also facilitate the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the government agencies to execute similar interventions in order to provide effective assistance to the affected people. This proposed intervention is extremely useful with regard to humanity. Moreover, these people or agencies are considerably related to disaster management at large (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014).

Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Genetically Modified Food Essay Genetically modified (GM) foods are ethically unacceptable. GM foods are food product derived in whole or part from a genetically modified organism by human intention. It is a special set of technologies that concerns the alteration, deletion, or addition of the genetic makeup of living organisms such as animals, plants, or bacteria. This is an important issue because GM foods have been dubbed as the Food of the Future and although studies have shown that genetically modified foods may bring about many benefits to mankind, we must also look into the ethical issues involved in producing such food before we even consider accepting it as the way of the future. First, we must understand that the word ethical is defined as having to do with ethics or morality; or of conforming to moral standards. There will be 3 parts to this essay. Firstly, I will be presenting and defending 2 arguments that support my stand. Following that, Ill take into consideration some common objections against my thesis. Lastly, I will summarize the main points in this essay before drawing to a conclusion. The essays argument takes the form of Modus Ponens: If GM is X, GM is unethical GM is X GM is unethical My main argument is that it is unethical to tamper with nature by mixing genes among the different species. By doing so, it may actually lead to a violation of natural organisms intrinsic values. There is a very delicate balance that links this world together and this is the balance that makes things work. GM foods might actually give rise to more complications such as the disturbance of natures food pyramid. For example, the pesticide produced in the crop may unintentionally harm other creatures while producing a benefit to others. The introduction of pest-resistant genes into crops could lead to the death of the pests and other animals causing an imbalance in the food chain that could possibly lead to the extinction of some species especially if they are only localized in one particular area. In Britain, a native farm bird, the Skylark, was indirectly affected by the introduction of GM sugar beets that were designed to resist herbicides. The result in planting this crop was that weeds were reduced substantially. However, since the birds rely on the seeds of this weed in autumn and winter, researchers expect that up to 80% of the Skylark population would have to find other means of finding food. Another issue brought up is that GM crops may also pose a health risk to native animals that eat the plants and may be poisoned by the built-in pesticides. Although others might also argue that the cutting down of trees to construct buildings might also be a way of tampering with nature, GM food not just tampers with physical nature but with the foundation of nature genes. Every organism, no matter how small, is made up of genes. These genes control the physical development and behavior of the organism and are passed down from parent to offspring. The word genes (comes from the Greek word genos meaning origin) actually defines natures origin and the production of GM food would mean to change the origin of nature. Furthermore, religious communities Christians, Hindus, Jews and Muslims Ââ€" also share such concerns regarding GM products. According to Bishop Jeff Davies from the SA Council of Churches, With genetic engineering, we are tampering with the structures of life that have taken millions of years to evolve and we have the arrogance to think that we can improve on them in 10 years to transfer a gene from one species into another. Different religious communities have different believes and one of them would be their food such as kosher and halal food. But with the introduction of animal genes into plants how will they define a tomato with a fish gene? This will also be a major concern to vegetarians. All in all, I believe that people should be happy with what nature has to give and not play God and try to control nature. It is unethical to sacrifice other creatures and meddle with the delicate balance of nature. Furthermore, there will be potential chain reactions that may be unstoppable. One other argument is how GM products can affect our health especially in the long run. The unpredictable changes in our food could lead to negative reactions that are not detected by research techniques until much later. A quick acceptance of GE foods without proper testing could show corporate profitability to be very influential but that would be too dangerous because there has been no adequate safety testing to ensure that using other organisms genes is going to have the same useful effects if inserted into a totally unrelated species. Furthermore, testing has only been done on a small scale currently and its hard to predict what will happen when its used on a wider ecology. In 1989, dozens of Americans died and several thousands were afflicted and impaired by a genetically altered version of the food supplement L-tryptophan. Studies have been done to show how viruses can mix with genes of other viruses to give rise to more deadly viruses. To mass market the use of GM food when it has not been properly tested for safety issues would mean that businesses are gaining at the expense of consumers health and is therefore ethically unacceptable. On the other hand, some organizations insist that GM technology is the solution to solving the problem of world hunger. However, I feel that it is simply a ploy of corporations and countries that are using the plight of the developing world as a marketing strategy to gain acceptance of GE foods. GM technology is not an economical method that can be easily implemented by most countries. In fact, genetic engineering techniques are currently being applied to crops important to the industrialized world and not on crops which the worlds hungry depend on. GM foods could actually reduce developed countries reliance on crops from developing countries, resulting in loss of trade and severe economic damage for them and intensifying their problem of poverty. This would mean that theres a conflict of interest. Furthermore, an important factor that Friends of the Earth has pointed out is that many people in the world are suffering from malnutrition and hunger because they cannot afford to buy food, not because it is unavailable. Therefore, even with GM food, people would still not be able to afford it or have it distributed appropriately. Most of the causes of hunger are found in global politics, rather than issues of agriculture and technology. As a result, a variety of groups and people are questioning the motives behind GM foods as the political causes of hunger appear to be ignored. An article from Food First observed that most innovations in agricultural biotechnology have been profit-driven rather than need-driven and it questions whether GE technology can really ensure food security, protect the environment and reduce poverty in the developing world or is it produced simply because its patentable and thus, profitable to businesses. In some cases, as reported by The Institute for Science, pesticide usage is actually increasing, and GE crop actually yield less than conventional crops. In this essay, I have come up with several valid reasons why Genetically Modified Foods are ethically unacceptable. GM foods tamper with the origin of nature which is the genes and there is inadequate safety testing to prove that GM food is safe for human consumption. Therefore, businesses are mass marketing GM food at the expense of consumers health and proclaiming that GM Food is the solution to world hunger when it might not be true. Although there might be potential and benefits in GE technology, there are still many unknown areas that might prove to be more harmful then beneficial. Furthermore, there are still too many important ethical issues that have been ignored and that reason by itself makes it ethically unacceptable.

Give examples to support your views Essay Example for Free

Give examples to support your views Essay Develop the above points and also explain why you think science fiction films are commercial successful? Give examples to support your views. Science fiction films are commercially successful because they have a high production value. This allows Sci-Fi’s to follow the uses and gratifications theory through creating an escapist environment using cgi, props, costumes and Special FX. The high production value enables the codes and conventions of a sci-fi to remain consistent (lasers, futuristic outfits, bright light) in the environments and costumes of the Mise en scene. Furthermore, The cliche’s in the mise en scene allow the target audiences to quickly recognise with sci-fi films because they are familiar to the various references of brought through the advanced cgi, costumes, special FX and props in the Mise En Scene that would be used in a typical sci-fi. Star wars: the force awakening has used familiar cliche’s within their narrative to provide escapist entertainment of which target audience can recognize. Star wars: the force awakened has used high budget of $300 million to create the different Alien species, props, costumes and environment transferring the audience into a realistic work of the protagonists. Because of this, the force awakens was able to achieve a box office of 2 billion dollars to be one of the most successful science fiction films till date. Science fictions films hybridise with other genres. This means that Science fiction films can reach a larger demographic of audiences which would enable more box office revenue to be generated from a science fiction films. Sci-Fi’s often hybridise with the family, crime or comedy genres as these genres attract the largest amount of different demographics. For example, Mars Attacks! Hybridised with the family and comedy genre. This enabled the target demographic to expand further form the stereotypical sci-fi intelligent and intellectual enthusiasts. It enabled ‘Mars Attacks! ’ to generate a revenue of 100 million dollars as parents could now experience a sci-fi with comedic value with their children. Similarly Sci-Fi’s hybridising enable a change in the iconography which would allow the visuals of a sci-fi to furthermore attract a larger audience. An example of this is in Chappie where the relationship between Chappie and the female protagonist is a representation of a mother figure targeting a female demographic. Science fictions film have an existing loyal fan base. A science fiction’s film fan base consumes Sci-Fi’s on mobile phones, laptops, consoles, PC and webpage these allow Sci-Fi’s to be commercially successful as a sci-fi film would now have a variety of methods to inform their target audience whether it be by making games (e. g. Star wars battlefront), posters or webpages that may promote a Sci-Fi’s narrative. ‘Monster’s vs aliens’ have used viral marketing, a website and teaser trailers in order to reach their fan base. Through this they were able to inform their target audience (children age 7-14) by creating interactive webpages that information of the protagonists and sharing links to their website and teaser trailers on social media platforms. Sci-fi films who have used this are successful as the intuitions were able to reach their target demographics by the how much the target audience uses each platform. Science fiction films are commercially successful because they hybridise with other genres, have high production values and have an existing fan base that consume sci-fi on various media. This is because the hybridisation allows science fictions films to target a larger demographic whilst the high production value engrosses the audience into the narrative. Additionally, the existing fan base that consume on various media enables Science fiction films to advertise to various devices ensuring that the target audience would be informed about the Sci-fi film. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Audience and Production Analysis section.

Twelfth Night Essay

Twelfth Night Essay The Different Types of Love Presented in William Shakespeares Twelfth Night True love is sincere based on actions and sacrificial services to make the other happy. It is always quiet and in disguise. Its based on inner qualities and driven by reason, principles of trust and commitment. True love is centered on pleasing the other and is more permanent; growing stronger as time passes. Infatuation on the other hand, is insincere and driven by emotions. Its superficial; based on words and displays of affection. Infatuation is also self-centered; based on external appearances. It expects the other to meet your needs. Moreover, its temporary. Its just a phase that one goes through. William Shakespeare shows us these two types of love outlining the entire play. However, there are more than just these types of love being presented in the play. There is also friendship and self-love, which are two other kinds of love, which is presented in the play. Sir Andrew and Malvolio show self-love in the play. Friendship is also another kind of love that is being presented in the play by Orsino and ‘Caesario. Almost every type of love is being expressed in this play. Sibling relationships, genuine love, self-love leading to complete blind love. The characters also seem to go to extremes to get want they want which is the love that they desire. From this we can sometimes even associate love with their madness to get what they want. In the play, Twelfth Night, we can see that Orsinos romantic infatuation for Olivia leads to sentimental his own self-absorption. We can see this by the quote, â€Å" If music be the food of love, play on, /Give me excess of it, that surfeiting, /he appetite may sicken and so die.†. Here Orsino is relating music to love. Too much or excess music, meaning over-indulgence in music is actually being compared with overeating food. Just like how overeating makes one feel sick, over-indulgence in music in this case, over-indulgence in love for Olivia makes one lovesick and desperate. From another quote, â€Å" Love thoughts lie rich when canopied with bowers† tells us that he needs his surroundings to be very romantic to be able to love. Orsino seems to love Olivia only in such conditions and he feels that his so strong for her that even in a short period of time, his love is so full of fancies. This clearly shows us that his love is actually infatuation for Olivia, as nones love gets strong within just a short period of time. â€Å"O sprit of love, how quick and fresh art thou,† tells us that Orsino is saying that lovers are so hungry that for their lovers that that other good things in life seem to lose their value. The lover is completely wrapped up in his own fertile and intense imagination. This tells us that his love for Olivia is a self-absorbed love. Also, Olivias exaggerated and over-indulged love for her dead brother leads to excessive grief, self- dramatization and self-pity. We can see this from her speech that Valentine made to Orsino regarding Olivia, â€Å"The element itself, till seven years heat, /Shall not behold her face at ample view, / But, like a cloistress, she will veiled walk, / And water once a day her chamber round/ With eye-offending brine; all this to season/ A brothers dead love, which she would keep fresh/ And lasting, in her sad remembrance.†. We can see that that this speech on what Olivia does is exaggerated, as she wants the whole world to know that she is mourning for her dead brother. This shows us that this act of over-indulgence of love shown for her brother leads to self-dramatization of own self. We can also see this, as from the speech, we can see her passion that she has for her dead brother and we can see this passion being displayed in her loyalty and devotion to her brother by mourning for him, which is also self-dramatized. From this act of grieving for her brother we can also see that she is being very emotional here. We can see that she is very emotional here as she expresses her emotions excessively. This tells us that this act of mourning for her dead brother does not only lead to self-dramatization, it also leads to excessive grief being shown out to others. We can also see that this exaggerated and over-indulged love for her brother that she displays also leads to self-pity as through her act of mourning. We can see this by the tears she cries from the lines â€Å"eye-offending brine† that she wallows in self-pity as she is only crying to get attention from others so that others would pity her. Olivias love is demonstrated through the external in this sense it is simply by her tears. There appears a lack of sincerity or genuine love in her actions. In fact, she appears to be self-absorbed. Her mourning draws more attention to her than to her brother . One example showing that is when Orsino himself later praises Olivia and hardly mentions her brother at all. This happens when Orsino says, â€Å" How will she love, when rich golden shaft Hath killed the flock of all affections else that live in her; when liver, brain, and heart, These sovereign thrones, are all supplied and filled, her sweet perfections, with one self king!†. Everything that Orsino said was all about â€Å"she†, Olivia. Nothing of anything that he said was to do with Olivias dead brother. This shows that Olivia only gets pity from others, which in addition is considered as getting self-pity from others like the count Orsino. Moreover, Olivias impulsive and reckless love for ‘Caesario is ironically as misjudged and misguided as Orsinos love for her. We can see that Olivia fell in love with ‘Caesario impulsively and recklessly from the quote, â€Å"Not too fast! soft, soft†. From this quote, we can see that she fears that shes falling in love too fast and gets carried away by her love for ‘Caesario† which shows how fast she actually has fallen in love with ‘Caesario which shows us her reckless and impulsive love for ‘Caesario. It is ironically misjudged and misguided as Orsinos love for her. We can see this the fact that since Orsinos love for her is superficial and Olivias love for ‘Casario is also as superficial as Orsinos is for her. We can see this as she is carried away by her emotions. We can see this from the quote, â€Å"I do I know not what, and fear to find/ Mine eye too great a flatterer for my mind.†. This quote tells us that she is carrie d away by what she feels and what she sees but by not her mind. From this we can tell that her love is superficial as it acts on her emotions, which she feels when she feels, infatuated by ‘Caesario. Olivia also could be accused for self-love, for revealing a rather vain and proud disposition. We can see this from the quote, â€Å"Ist not well done?†. From this quote, we can see that she is rather vain. Another quote, â€Å"Were you sent hither to praise me† tells us that Olivia has a rather proud disposition of herself. From this quote, we can see that she is lost in her own praise and thinks that everyone wants to see her because of her beauty which is not true at all. So from this we can see that Olivia does display self-love revealing a vain and proud disposition of herself. In the play Malvolios self-love is one of the most extreme and unpleasant kind, resulting in overweening pride and self-delusion. The quote, â€Å"wise men, that crow so at these set kind of fools, no better than the fools zanies.† We can see that Malvolio thinks that he is clever than most wise men, thus being arrogant and this leads to showing us that he has overweening pride of himself. He also called Feste a â€Å"barren rascal†. This shows that Malvolio sees himself as a very witty person as he called Feste a witless person by calling him a â€Å"barren rascal†. Another quote, â€Å"Maria once told me that she did affect me; and I have heard herself come thus near, that should she fancy, it should be one of my complexion.† shows us Malvoilo is thinking himself handsome and noble enough for â€Å"she† who is Olivia. Malvolio is blind as he deceives himself just to suit the outlook of the situation. Another example is when in the play he twists à ¢â‚¬ËœOlivias words around to make it sound like she admires his yellow cross-gartered stockings, when Olivia really despises them. Sir Andrew is similarly guilty of self-love. He thinks that people love him because he is witty and dashing. He also reveals a vain disposition of himself, being accused of self-love. We can see from the quote, â€Å"Faith, I can cut a caper.† shows us that Sir Andrew is being vain as he praises himself. This also shows his egoistic character. We can see from that quote that he is dashing as he can â€Å"cut a caper†. Fro this we can see that Sir Andrew has self-love for himself. Another quote, â€Å"Methinks sometimes I have no more wit than a Christian or an ordinary man has†. From this quote, we can also see Sir Andrew thinking that he is witty. Sir Andrew that people loves him because he is witty and dashing. Both of which, he is not at all. So from all this we can see the fact that he has self-love. In Antonio, the play demonstrates the generous and selfless nature of the love inspired by true friendship. We can see this from the quote, â€Å"If you will not murder me for my love, let me be your servant. From this quote, we can see Antonio showing very passionate love for Sebastian. We can also see him being sacrificial, as he wants to serve Sebastian by being his servant. â€Å"let me be you servant† suggests that Antonio wants to follow Sebastian, wants to protect him and wants to be with him. From all this we can see his selfless nature of love that is inspired by true friendship as he puts Sebastian before himself. From the quote, we can also tell his sincerity and generosity that he has by being sincere to Sebastian and also truly being generous by laying out his own self to be Sebastians servant. Also in Sebastian and Viola we can see the intimate and intense love between brother and sister. The first thing Viola says when she steps into lllyria is that, â€Å"My brother, he is in Elysium†.From this we can tell that what she said is being said sincerely as the focus is on her brother and not on herself. We can also see that from the fact that the statement said that it was a short, simple and direct statement. From that quote, we can see Viola displaying love for Sebastian by worrying for him thinking that he is dead. From this we can see the intense and intimate love between her and her brother, Sebastian. Sebastian on the other hand also displays the same affection that Viola displays for him without he himself knowing it as they have been separated at sea. Sebastian while talking to Antonio about Viola says, â€Å"She is drowned already, sir, with salt water, though I seem to drown her remembrance again with more†. From what he says we can see that he has a c lose relationship with his sister, Viola. It also shows that Sebastian is a sensitive person that loves his sister, Viola very much. Through even their times of sorrow and mourning for each of their apparent deaths they still loved each other. Both believed deep down in their hearts that maybe someway or by some miracle that each of them was still alive and well. Through all this we can see the intimate and intense love that both brother and sister, Sebastian and Viola share between each other. Another kind of love portrayed in this play is true love like Violas. Violas patient and consistent love for Orsino is perhaps the most selfless, generous and ennobling of all. The quote, â€Å"We men say more, swear more, but indeed/Our shows are more than will; for still we prove/Much in our vows, but little in our love.†. Viola here says how a womens (herself) love is more faithful, mature, and sincere than men. From this we can see Viola love being the most ennobling of all. Another quote â€Å"Too well what love women to men may owe. / In faith, they are as true of heart as we.† From this quote, we can see the sincerity of Violas love for Orsino. â€Å"And with a green and yellow melancholy/ She sat like Patience on a monument†. This quote tells us of Violas patience; that her patience is stable and unchanging. In only true love can unchanging and stable patience for the person you love can be found. Thus, from this we can see the true love that Viola has fo r Orsino. When Orsino asks her history, Viola says, â€Å"A blank, my lord. She never told her love, / But let concealment, like a worn ithbud, / Feed on her damask check. She pined in thought,† this quote tells us of Violas intense love that is not shown to Orsino. By her words we can tell of her hidden, long suffering that is killing her slowly. This shows her being sacrificial to Orsino, which shows us of her selfless love. Another example of her selfless love for Orsino is when she tells Orsino, â€Å" Ill do my best/ To woo your lady.† From this we can see that she sacrifices her own happiness for his. â€Å"[Aside] Yet a barful strife! / Whoever I woo, myself would be his wife.† This quote is very powerful and strong as it may be observed in the soliloquy, which shows Violas true self, which ends the scene in a rhyming couplet. The love she displays here is sacrificial as she yet again sacrifices her own happiness to make Orsino happy to get what she wants which is to be by him and to serve him. This shows the selfless nature of her love and also the generosity she displays by wanting to serve Orsino which is also the noblest as she does not exaggerate or use flowery language to express her true love for Orsino. Now, another kind of love displayed here is friendship, which I earlier mentioned which both Antonio and Sebastian shared. Another pair who share friendship is Orsino and ‘Caesario. They do not even know each other very well but they got very close within a short period of time. We can see this from the quote, â€Å"He hath known you but three days, and already you are no stranger.†. We also can see that Orsinos and ‘Caesarios relationship is close from the quote, â€Å"Who saw ‘Caesario ho?†. This quote tells us that the first person out of all the servants in his court he calls upon is ‘Caesario which tells us that ‘Caesario is his favourite and that they have a very close relationship. Also we can see that he trusts only ‘Caesario to do such a thing as to go and help him woo Olivia, who is his love. To that ‘Caesario says â€Å"Sure, my noble lord,† and is reluctant to go which shows us that they have an understanding of each other. Thus, from this we can see that they have a close relationship as good friends. Another friendship is between Viola and the Sea Captain. They survived the shipwreck together and the Sea Captain promised to keep Violas idea about pretending to be a man a secret. If the Sea Captain did say anything at all about this in the play, the entire play of â€Å"Twelfth Night† would have changed. We know that he had agreed to keep Viola pretending to be man a secret from the quote, â€Å"Be you his eunuch and your mute Ill be. / When my tongue blabs, then let mine eyes not see.†. From this quote, we even can see that he told Viola that if he told anyone about this his eyes shall be put out, as in to say that Viola may blind him from sight. Thus, we can see a very strong bond of friendship among them. Yet another form of friendship being displayed in the play which is the strangest is the friendship that which both Sir Toby and Sir Andrew share. They are close frien ds but sometimes Sir Toby does not appear to show it as he sets up Sir Andrew and likes to get him into trouble. From the quote, â€Å"Will either of you bear me a challenge to him?†, we can see that Sir Toby challenged Sir Andrew to a duel. This happens in Act three Scene two, even though Sir Andrew is not a good swordsman and he does not know it. However, Sir Andrew appreciates Sir Tobys company as Sir Toby always lifts up his spirits whenever he is â€Å"put down† and makes him feel like a â€Å"true knight†. Twelfth Night consists of many love triangles, however many of the characters that are tangled up in the web of love are blind to see that their emotions and feelings toward other characters are untrue. They are being deceived by themselves and/or the others around them. There are certain instances in the play where the emotion of love is true, and the two people involved feel very strongly toward one another. Violas love for Orsino is a great example of true love. Although she is pretending to be a man and is virtually unknown in Illyria, she hopes to win the Dukes heart. In act 1, scene 4, Viola lets out her true feelings for Cesario, yet a barful strife! Whoeer I woo, myself would be his wife. That statement becomes true when Viola reveals her true identity. Viola and Orsino had a very good friendship, and making the switch to husband and wife was easy. Viola was caught up in another true love scenario, only this time she was on the receiving end, and things didnt work out so smoo thly. During her attempts to court Olivia for Orsino, Olivia grew to love Cesario. Viola was now caught in a terrible situation and there was only one way out, but that would jeopardize her chances with Orsino. Its amazing that Olivia could fall for a woman dressed as a man, but because Viola knew what women like to hear, her words won Olivias heart. This is just one of the love triangle that occurs in the play. â€Å"Twelfth Night† is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the plays main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain. Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an â€Å"appetite† that he wants to satisfy and cannot; at another point, he calls his desires â€Å"fell and cruel hounds†. Olivia more bluntly describes love as a â€Å"plague† from which she suffers terribly. These metaphors contain an element of violence, further painting the love-struck as victims of some random force in the universe. Even the less melodramatic Viola sighs unhappily â€Å"My state is desperate for my master s love†. This desperation has the potential to result in violence—as in Act five Scene one, when Orsino threatens to kill ‘Cesario because he thinks that ‘Cesario has forsaken him to become Olivias lover. So from this we can see that â€Å"Twelfth Night† is also a romantic comedy which is yet another theme of love that is being presented in the play. Love is also exclusionary in this play as some people achieve romantic happiness, while others do not. At the end of the play, as the happy lovers rejoice, both Malvolio and Antonio are prevented from having the objects of their desire. Malvolio, who has pursued Olivia, must ultimately face the realization that he is a fool, socially unworthy of his noble mistress. Antonio is in a more difficult situation, as social norms do not allow for the gratification of his apparently sexual attraction to Sebastian. Love, thus, cannot conquer all obstacles, and those whose desires go unfulfilled remain no less in love but feel the sting of its absence all the more severely. Love plays a major role in Twelfth Night, and Shakespeare addresses true love, self-love and friendship in a very compelling and interesting way. Twelfth Night is the true definition of love, and I feel that Shakespeare does a great job of explaining a somewhat difficult topic, which is love.